Things You Should 
Know About Civil 
Service In Ohio 



Published by 

The State Civil Service 
Commission of Ohio 















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Things Vou Should Know 
About Civil Service 
In Ohio 


Published by 

THE STATE CIVIL SERVICE 
COMMISSION OF OHIO 



Columbus, Ohio: 

The F. J. Heer Printing Co. 
1916. 


Bound at the State Bindery. 





The State Civil Service Commission 
of Ohio 


COMMISSIONERS 

Z. B. CAMPBELL, Chairman 
S. D. WEBB 


K. McKlNLEY, Secretary 


D. of D. 

FED 13 1317 




y M*.* 



What is meant by the term “Civil Service”? 

Legally, the term “civil service” includes all 
offices and positions of trust and employment in 
the service of the state and the counties, cities, 
and city school districts thereof. 

Popularly, “civil service” means the filling of 
positions in the public service by means of com¬ 
petitive examinations. 


What relation is there between “Civil Service” in the 
popular sense, and what is known as the “Merit 
System”? 

They are identical. The purpose of the civil 
service law is simply to apply the test of merit to 
applicants for public employment. 

Should “Civil Service”, or the Merit System be discarded, 
what alternatives are there? 

There is just one alternative—the spoils sys¬ 
tem. Wherever the merit system does not obtain, 
all public employment is subject to the spoils 
system. 

What is the “Spoils System”? 

It is the appointment to office of personal and 
political favorites, often with little or no regard 
to the fitness of the appointee to perform the 
duties of the position to which appointed. 


What objections are there to the Spoils System? 

A few of the more important objections are 
these: 

1. It results in the multiplication of offices 
and positions of employment. 

2. It leads to the filling of these positions 
with unworthy and incompetent persons. 

3. It involves the frequent changing of gov¬ 
ernment officials and employes, which greatly im¬ 
pairs the efficiency of the public service. 

4. It causes executives, legislators, and 
other officials to devote to the thankless and 


2 


3 




4 


profitless labor of distributing patronage, the time 
and energies needed for the discharge of their 
proper duties. 

5. It increases the already high cost of gov¬ 
ernment. 

6. It breeds corruption in the government, 
and discredits American citizenship. 


Does not “Civil Service” tend to create an aristocratic ^ 
office-holding class that would be unresponsive to J 
the public will? t 

On the contrary, the tendency is wholly in | 
the direction of democracy and equality. Thru . 
the merit system the humblest is given an equal ■ 
chance with the highest, and wealth and influence ' 
count for naught. ^ 


Does “Civil Service” consist entirely in filling govern¬ 
ment positions with persons whose fitness has been 
tested by competitive examinations? 

Not entirely, nor chiefly. This is merely the 
first step. 


What more does it include? 


1. It includes a careful study, and an ac¬ 
curate classification of all positions in the public 
service; so that in all departments there will be 
equal pay for the same work. Under the loose, 
unfair, and unbusiness-like methods which in¬ 
variably characterize the spoils system, an em¬ 
ploye in one department may receive $50 per 
month, while personal or political favorites in an¬ 
other department, performing the same duties, 
receive $i(X) per month. 

2. It contemplates promotional examina- ^ 
tions; so that employes may have an opportunity,: 
on their merits, to rise from the lower to the 
higher grades of service — thus furnishing them 
a constant incentive to increase their efficiency 
and to render faithful service. 

3. It provides for records of the efficiency 
of all public employes; the purpose of which is to 
rid the service of any and all who may become 
careless, indolent, or otherwise unfit. In short, 
the object of “civil service” or the merit system. 





5 


is to insure the appointment to public positions of 
competent persons only, and their retention in 
these positions so long, and only so long, as they 
render faithful and efficient service. 


Is there reason to hope or expect that these objects can 
be fully realized? 

There is no reason why, in time, they should 
not be as completely realized as are any other ob¬ 
jects and purposes of government. 


Is the Merit System in full and complete operation in 
Ohio at the present time? 

Civil service laws have not been in effect a 
sufficient length of time as yet, to make possible 
their perfect operation. The installation of the 
merit system in the various departments of the 
state, county and municipal governments, is a very 
large undertaking; and for its satisfactory com¬ 
pletion several years will doubtless be required. 


Does the State Civil Service Commission conduct ex¬ 
aminations for all positions in the public service? 

Only for positions in the classified service of 
the state and the counties. Each municipality has 
its own civil service commission which conducts 
all examinations for positions in the same. 


Is the Civil Service law strictly observed by municipal 
civil service commissions? 

By some municipal commissions it is; by 
others it is not. In some cases the members of 
municipal civil service commissions are opposed 
to the merit system, and direct their efforts toward 
defeating and discrediting it. 

I 

Where does responsibility for these conditions lie? 

With the mayors, who appoint these munici¬ 
pal commissions, and public opinion in the locali¬ 
ties affected, which tolerates this betrayal of a 
public trust. Under existing laws, the State Civil 
Service Commission has no effective control over 
municipal commissions. 




If the Civil Service law is not strictly enforced in every 
particular, would it not be better to do away with 
it entirely? 

Assuredly not. Every violation or evasion 
of the civil service law is nothing more nor less 
than an outcropping of the spoils system. Since 
there are only two systems, it is far better to 
have the merit system even with occasional lapses 
to the spoils system, than to have the iniquitous 
spoils system alone. To abolish the merit sys¬ 
tem because in some cases it had been vitiated, 
would be as illogical as to abolish the public 
school system because in some instances educa¬ 
tion has resulted disastrously. 


Did Civil Service reform originate in this state? 

It was introduced into the United States 
from Great Britain, where the system had been 
in successful operation since the middle of the 
last century. 

It was adopted by the Federal government in 
1883-; and subsequently by various states, includ¬ 
ing New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Wis¬ 
consin, Illinois and California; also by many 
cities in different parts of the country. 


Have results shown in other states, justified the expense 
involved ? 

Wherever civil service laws have been 
wisely drawn and honestly enforced, the results 
have been in the highest degree beneficial and 
gratifying. 


Under what circumstances was “Civil Service” established 
in Ohio? 

A constitutional amendment was submitted 
to the electors in 1912, and adopted by a majority 
of more than 100,000 votes. The following year 
the system was put into operation. 


Who may take Civil Service examinations? 

All persons of legal age, who are actual resi¬ 
dents of the state. 




7 

How may information relative to examinations be ob¬ 
tained ? 

Bulletins are published monthly by the State 
Civil Service Commission announcing examina¬ 
tions for state and county service. The bulle¬ 
tins may be had upon request, either in person 
or by mail. They contain information concern¬ 
ing the duties and requirements of the various 
positions. 


What is necessary, to be admitted to examinations? 

A formal application, which may be had 
upon request to the State Civil Service Commis¬ 
sion, must be filled out and returned to the office 
of the Commission at least three days previous to 
the date of the examination. 

The application must be accompanied by the 
proper fee, which, for positions that pay more 
than $600, and less than $1,000 per annum is 50 
cents; for positions paying $1,000 or more, the 
fee is $1. For positions paying $600 or less, no 
examination fee is required. 


Where are examinations held? 

For nearly all positions in the state service 
examinations are held in the five largest cities of 
the state — Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus, To¬ 
ledo and Dayton. 

For positions in the county service, examina¬ 
tions are held at the respective county-seats. 


What is the nature of Civil Service examinations? 

The aim is to make them thoroughly practical 
in nature. As a general rule, an examination con¬ 
sists of three parts: a list of practical questions 
pertaining directly to the duties to be performed, 
the answers to which must be written; a list of 
questions to be answered orally, which permits the 
applicant’s personality and physical fitness to be 
determined; and lastly, an experience sheet, which 
is attached to the application blank, and is filled 
out and filed with the commission not less than 
three days prior to the date of examination. 




8 


Does the State Civil Service Commission make appoint¬ 
ments ? 

It does not — except to the few positions in 
its own offices. It merely furnishes heads of de¬ 
partments in which there are vacancies, with the 
names of those who have passed the examination 
with the highest grades. All appointments are 
made by the various department heads. 

For how long are appointments effective? 

Appointments are effective during good be¬ 
havior, and as long as the appointee renders ef¬ 
ficient service. 


How does the Civil Service Commission prevent the em¬ 
ployment of those who have not regularly passed 
Civil Service examinations? 

The payrolls from the various departments 
of both state and county service must be ap¬ 
proved each month by the Civil Service Commis¬ 
sion before vouchers are issued for the payment 
of any salaries. 


Does the Civil Service law afford any real protection? 
In other words, cannot even a competent employe 
be forced out of his position? 

In some cases it is possible for the head of a 
department virtually to force a subordinate out 
of his position. But since the vacancy would 
have to be filled from an eligible list, thus af¬ 
fording no opportunity for the appointment of a 
favorite, there is seldom any inducement for an 
appointing officer to violate the spirit, if not the 
letter, of the law by an act of this kind. 

Moreover, in the event of any attempted re¬ 
moval, an employe has the right of appeal to the 
State Civil Service Commisssion, whose decision 
is final. 

Is the application of the Merit System to the Public 
Service both scientific and practicable? 

It is, beyond doubf or question. 




9 


Is the state doing anything toward the training of per¬ 
sons for the Public Service? 

An advisory committee on education for the 
public service, composed of leading educators rep¬ 
resenting the schools and colleges of the state, has 
already been appointed and is working out a plan 
for training persons desirous of entering the pub¬ 
lic service as well as those already in the service. 
Night classes and correspondence instruction will 
be provided for those who cannot attend day 
classes. 


Are public men generally, in favor of the Merit System? 

For patriotic reasons, statesmen favor it. 
For selfish reasons, politicians oppose it. 


What leading statesmen have endorsed “Civil Service”? 

Washington, Jefiferson, Madison, Clay, 
Webster, Calhoun, Grant, Garfield, Hayes, 
Blaine, Cleveland, McKinley, Roosevelt, Taft, 
Root, and many others, among whom was George 
H. Pendleton, one time United States Senator 
from Ohio, and who has been called the “Father 
of Civil Service in the United States”. 

OPINIONS OF EMINENT MEN WITH REGARD TO 
THE MERIT SYSTEM. 

“Civil service reform, as embodied in the 
merit system, is simply the application to the 
public service of the plainest principles of com¬ 
mon sense and common honesty.”—Carl Schurz. 

“The importance and efficacy of the merit 
system as the only means of eradication of the 
spoils system, which so long worked corruption 
in every department of the government, is uni¬ 
versally recognized.”—Joseph H. Choate. 

“Civil service reform should be in good faith 
enforced. Our citizens have the right to pro¬ 
tection from the incompetency of public employes 
who hold their places solely as the reward of 
partisan services, and from the corrupting in¬ 
fluence of those who promise and the vicious 
methods of those who expect such rewards; and 
those who worthily seek public employment have 


10 


the right to insist that merit and competency 
shall be recognized instead of party subserviency 
or the surrender of honest political belief.”— 
Grover Cleveland. 

“My conviction is that one of the surest 
paths to better politics and better government 
service in this country is through the enforce¬ 
ment of a rherit system in appointments and pro¬ 
motions in the civil service.”—William H. Taft. 

“It (the spoils system) is a detestable sys¬ 
tem, drawn from the worst periods of the Roman 
republic; and if it were to be perpetuated; if the 
offices, honors, the dignities of the people were 
to be put up to a scramble, to be decided by the 
results of every Presidential election, our gov¬ 
ernment and institutions, becoming intolerable, 
would finally end in a despotism as inexorable 
as that at Constantinople.”—Henry Clay. 


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f 

t 

C 

I 

I 

1 


THE STANDARDIZATION OF PUBLIC 
EMPLOYMENT. 


The Efficiency Division of the State Civil Service 
Commission is, at the present time, preparing a plan of 
classification based upon the duties and responsibilities 
of each position in the classified service of the State. 
This classification sets a definite standard for each 
position and will insure to the State, adequate returns 
for the salary paid, uniformity of compensation and 
advancement of State employes. 

Classification is based upon a scientific analysis of 
each position in the State service. 


The job and not the person is the basis of measure. 

The duties are analyzed, responsibility and haz¬ 
ards are studied, and the training and experience neces¬ 
sary to efficiently fill the job, are determined. The 
classification will standardize each position in the 
classified service of the State. This standardization 
will be determined by the duties to be performed and 
the qualifications necessary for their performance. 

Classifications and standards must be set for each 
position which will insure the appointment of com¬ 
petent persons. For years individuals have been ap¬ 
pointed to positions for which they have had no ex¬ 
perience or training, and the State has been forced to 
stand the expense of teaching the appointee the duties 
of the job and giving to the individual the qualifica¬ 
tions, education and experience which he should have 
possessed before becoming attached to the State pay¬ 
roll. We are all agreed that the country must have 
specially trained men for. the Military Service. It is 
equally true that we must have specially trained men 
for the Civil Service. 

The proposed plan of classification divides the per¬ 
sonal service of the State into classes such as Clerical 
Class, Professional and Scientific Class, Investiga¬ 
tional Class, Institutional Class, etc. Each is divided 
according to function into groups. The Clerical Class, 
for instance, is divided as follows: 


II 




12 


Stenographer group 
Bookkeeper group 
Clerk group 
Typist group 

Telephone Operator group. 

Each class and group is scientifically defined and 
the duties of each position will determine into what 
class and group the position should be placed. Groups 
are subdivided into grades and grades into salary 
rates. All appointments, either original or promo¬ 
tional, unless otherwise specifically stated in the 
standardization of the position, shall be made at the 
lowest salary rate. The employe’s advancement from 
salary rate to salary rate, is dependent upon efficiency 
and length of service. For example, an individual is 
appointed to a Grade III position. He would start in 
the service at salary Rate C. At the end of one year’s 
satisfactory service he would advance to salary Rate 
B. At the end of two years’ satisfactory service he 
would advance to Rate A. In order to advance to 
Grade II he would compete in a promotional examina¬ 
tion with the other clerks in Grade III who had, by 
length of satisfactory service, advanced to Rate A. 
Where two positions are placed in a grade and one. 
requires higher qualifications and the duties are 
slightly more complex, yet not of such a standard as 
to place in the next higher grade, the incumbent of 
the more important position would start at a higher 
salary rate, either B or A, depending absolutely upon 
the duties and responsibilities. The following illus¬ 
trates the Clerk group of the Clerical Class: 

Clerk Group. 

Definition : The term “Clerk Group” is used to 
identify those employments of the clerical service, re¬ 
quiring the pe.rformance of routine or special office 
work not included in any other group, of the Clerical 
Service. 

Grades of Clerk Group. 

This group shall be divided into four grades and 
designated as follows: 

Grade I. Chief Clerk — Assistant Secretary. 

Grade II. Senior Clerk. 

Grade III. Junior Clerk. 

Grade IV. Messenger — Page* 


13 


Entrance and Advancement. 

Appointments to this group and advancement 
within each grade shall be made subject to the follow¬ 
ing rules: 

1. All appointments to positions in this group 
shall be made at the lowest salary rate for the grade 
to which appointed. 

2. Advancement from salary rate to salary rate 
within any grade may be made on completion of at 
least one year of satisfactory service at the lower rate. 

3. The standards of satisfactory service shall be 
successively higher for each class and grade. 

Grade I. 

Title of Position: Chief Clerk, Assistant Secre¬ 
tary. 

Duties: Incumbents of these positions assume 
complete responsibility for the clerical work of an 
entire department or minor division, involving inde¬ 
pendent judgment, and a high degree of clerical 
knowledge and requiring administrative ability in the 
direction of clerical procedure. 

Qualifications: No person shall be eligible for 
original appointment to this grade who has not had 
at least four years’ office experience. It is preferable 
that one year of required experience be in a supervis¬ 
ory capacity when not filled by promotional examina¬ 
tion. In case of, promotion no person shall be eligible 
for appointment to this grade who has not served three 
years in Grade II. 

Compensation: 

Rate C . 

Rate B . 

Rate A. 

SPECIAL REGULATION GOVERNING RATES 

B AND A. 

In Grade I no salary rate shall be advanced be¬ 
yond Rate C except after an individual appraisal by 
the State Civil Service Commission indicating that 
the rate reque.sted does not exceed the value of work 
performed. 

Grade 11. 

Title of Position: Senior Clerk. 

Duties: Incumbents of these positions perform 
specialized clerical work requiring training, experience. 





14 


ability, and fixed responsibility, calling for the exercise 
of independent judgment and initiative — may or may 
not be supervisory. 

Qualifications: No person shall be eligible for 
original appointment to this grade who has not had 
at least two years’ office experience. In case of pro¬ 
motion no person shall be eligible for appointment to 
this grade who has not served three years in Grade III. 

Compensation : 

Rate C ... 

Rate B . 

Rate A . 

SPECIAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING RATES 
B AND A. 

In Grade II no salary rate shall be advanced be¬ 
yond Rate C except after an individual appraisal in¬ 
dicating that the rate requested does not exceed the 
value of the work to be performed. 

Grade III. 

Title of Position : Junior Clerk. 

Duties: The duties of this position are to per¬ 
form generally under supervision, clerical duties re¬ 
quiring skill, accuracy, experience, and familiarity with 
routine of department. 

Qualifications: No person shall be eligible for 
original appointment to this grade who has not had 
at least one year of office experience. In case of pro¬ 
motion no person shall be eligible for appointment to 
this grade who has not served one year in Grade IV. 

Compensation: 

Rate C . 

Rate B (Requiring at least one year’s satis¬ 
factory service in the next lower 

rate) .. 

Rate A (Requiring at least one year’s satis¬ 
factory service in the next lower 
• rate) . 


Grade IV. 

Title of Position : Page — Messenger. 

Duties: The duties of this position are to per¬ 
form under supervision, the simplest clerical routine. 

Qualifications: Such qualifications as the State 
Civil Service Commission may require. 








15 


Compensation : 

Rate C . 

Rate B (Requiring at least one year’s satis¬ 
factory service in the next lower 

rate) . 

Rate A (Requiring at least one year’s satis¬ 
factory service in the next lower 
rate) ... 

The information necessary to properly classify and 
grade a position is obtained in the following manner: 

A specially prepared blank is filled out by the 
employe, setting forth, in detail, the duties of the 
position. The information obtained from this blank is 
checked by actual comparison with the duties of the 
individual employe as determined by a personal inter¬ 
view while he or she is engaged in performing same. 
In other words, the employe must show a representa¬ 
tive of this Division how each function is performed. 
All details and papers are traced through the depart¬ 
ment from their original entrance until they finally 
land in the files. From this information the position 
is standardized and placed in the proper group and 
grade after a thorough discussion of the duties and 
responsibilities. A conference is then held with the 
department head or heads and the State Budget Com¬ 
missioner at which time the positions in the department 
are carefully analyzed. In case an agreement cannot 
be secured the position is finally passed upon by the 
Special Advisory Board to the Efficiency Division. 
This Advisory Board is composed of well known busi¬ 
ness men of unquestionable business ability and in¬ 
tegrity. The personnel of this Board is: 

Mr. Cooper Proctor, Proctor & Gamble Co., Cin¬ 
cinnati. 

Mr. E. A. Deeds, Delco Company, Dayton. 

Mr. S. P. Bush, Buckeye Steel Castings Co., Co¬ 
lumbus. 

Mr. Thomas Coughlin, formerly Director of 
Finance of the City of Cleveland. 

Mr. E. M. Fullington, Budget Commissioner of 
Ohio. 

A special advisory board to advise and classify 
the Engineering Group of the Professional and Scien¬ 
tific Service is composed of : 

William T. Magruder, Professor, Mechanical En¬ 
gineering, O. S. U. 









i6 


F. H. Eno, Professor, Sanitary Engineering, 

O. S. U. 

T. H. Withrow, Professor, Chemical Engineering, 
O. S. U. 

C. E. Sherman, Professor, Civil Engineering, 
O. S. U. 

A. E. Flowers, Professor, Electrical Engineering, 
O. S. U. 

H. M. Sharp, Chief Engineer, Div. Construction, 
Highway Department. 

L. G. White, Electrical Expert, Public Utilities 
Commission. 

Thomas E. Green, Telephone Expert, Public Utili¬ 
ties Commission. 

P. W. McKinney, Gas Expert, Public Utilities Com¬ 
mission. 

The study of the duties in the different depart¬ 
ments and institutions of the State government has 
revealed many employment problems that have not 
been properly dealt with. Many factors contribute to 
the waste and inefficiency of the State government. 
There are many instances of highly competent em¬ 
ployes rendering excellent service to the State, but in 
no department of the State government do employment 
conditions approach the standards in privately con¬ 
ducted business. The following illustrates a number 
of the defects in our present system : 


Irregularity in Rates of Pay. 

I. Our studies have revealed many inconsistencies 
of compensation: for example, an individual in one 
department doing simple clerical work receives a salary 
of $600 per annum, while an individual doing the 
same grade of simple clerical work in another depart¬ 
ment or even in the same department, receives a salary 
of $1,800 per annum. There is also a very large 
amount of overpayment. Appropriations have been 
made with little reference to the market value of the 
work to be performed. 


Standards Governing Advancement or Promotion. 

2. Promotion is based generally upon personal 
preference. No efficiency records are maintained in 
the majority of departments and employers have no 
definite information to use in case of promotion except 
records showing seniority of service which are very 


17 


often ignored. Instead of assistants being promoted 
in case the chief or the head of the division resigns, 
an individual from the outside is generally brought in 
who must depend on his subordinates to instruct him 
as to his duties, etc. Promotions are oftentimes made 
without change of duties. 


Duplications of Work. 

3. Duplications of effort are common in several 
State departments, resulting in lost motion and useless 
and unnecessary positions. 


Multiplicity of Titles. 

4. There are hundreds of titles in the State 
service which have no meaning and in no way apply 
to the duties of the position. Many times these 
fictitious titles are undoubtedly fixed in order to secure 
larger appropriations from the Legislature which has 
had no definite means of ascertaining duties, the degree 
of responsibility and the difficulty of the work to be 
performed, and out of necessity, personal service ap¬ 
propriations have been made in a very loose manner. 
Surely no private business could make up a budget in 
this manner and expect to hold the good will and con¬ 
fidence of its employes. 

Lack of Business Methods and Organization. 

. 5. Many departments are below the business 
standards of organization, system and methods. Our 
study of duties has revealed these weaknesses in de¬ 
partmental organization. Lack of organization, in 
addition to waste of money, does not give the willing 
and efficient employe the proper chance to make good. 
The public officer cannot be expected to get good re¬ 
sults unless he has an effective organization. “The 
organization cannot be made effective unless the 
service is made attractive to persons of ability.” 

Irregularity in rates of pay will be entirely elimi¬ 
nated by the adoption of a scientific classification. 
Salaries will be uniform for the same grade and char¬ 
acter of work. Classification includes specifications 
which will actually differentiate one grade of work 
from the other. It will prevent fixing the salaries to 
fit the individual rather than the duties and responsi¬ 
bilities of the position. 


i8 


Undoubtedly the greatest good to be obtained by 
this classification is that it will establish direct lines 
of promotion; an incentive will be offered to individ¬ 
uals of merit to enter the State service. Individuals 
will recognize the fact that there is, at last, a career 
open to them in the State service, and their preliminary 
education and training can be made a preparation for 
public service. It will be necessary for the individual 
to prepare for the State service as he now must do in 
order to obtain positions of importance in the business 
world. Opportunities will be open to the State em¬ 
ploye to work out a career on the basis of individual 
merit. It will enable the employe to plan for the 
future and to make the State service his life work. 
Permanency of service and opportunity for promotion 
will enable a young man to enter the public service 
with the same degree of enthusiasm as the young man 
who enters the service of a big corporation with a 
reputation for fair dealing and promotion from the 
inside, based upon merit, fitness and efficiency. When 
the State has shown what it can do by adopting a 
scientific classification the educational institutions of 
Ohio will not be slow in conforming and adopting new 
courses which will give to the young man that training 
which will best ‘ fit him for efficient public service. 
Such a movement has already been started by the 
State Civil Service Commission of Ohio, and a per¬ 
manent committee composed of our leading college 
presidents and educators has been appointed to study 
this important work. 

The Senate Committee on Civil Service of the 
State of New York which, with the aid of the Bureau 
of Municipal Research of New York City, has made 
the most exhaustive study of scientific classification, 
sums up the benefits to be derived by the State as 
follows: 

‘T. It will result in increased efficiency from the 
employes. 

2. It will bring into the State service the highest 
grade of men and women because of the opportunity 
of a permanent career. 

3. It will reduce the cost of State government 
by the elimination of inequitable salary increases, and 
bar the introduction of unnecessary positions.” 

The Committee also believes that it will secure 
for the State EMPLOYE three great benefits: 


19 


I. The under-paid employe will be advanced 
to adequate rates of compensation. 

“2. Favoritism and personal preference will be 
eliminated. 

^3* Promotion and advancement will be based 
upon merit, thus securing to each employe recognition 
of efficient and loyal service.” 

The Committee further believes that a scientific 
classification will secure benefits to the TAX 
PAYER: 

‘T. It will result in efficient and business-like 
government. 

“2. It will establish real opportunity in the 
State service. 

“3. It will lower taxes, in that salaries are paid 
only to the efficient and are commensurate with the 
duties performed.” 

We quote from the Bureau of Municipal Re¬ 
search of New York City: 

STANDARDIZATION, 

A Problem of Fair Dealing. 

“Standardization, properly conceived, is primarily a 
problem of justice and fair dealing. The city is not in busi¬ 
ness for profit; it carries on its great projects and activities 
for the mutual benefit of citizens. The rates which citizens 
can afford to pay to those who serve them are not to be 
fixed by the price of any products—they should be determined 
after due consideration given to the' conditions of service 
which are mutually advantageous. 

“More than any other employer in the United States, 
the City of New York is interested in establishing for itself 
a reputation for fair dealing. It has no advantage to gain 
from any other course. Those who are interested in the wel¬ 
fare of civil servants must also look favorably upon any 
determination reached by the City of New York which may 
have for its end and which promises equal opportunity and 
equal pay for similar work. It is of advantage to each em¬ 
ploye to have before him such definite specifications govern¬ 
ing employment that he may be able to plan his career. The 
city and its civil servants alike are interested in open-handed 
fair dealing and in having standards which will make munic¬ 
ipal employment attractive to men and women alike. Any 
standardization which will lay the foundation for an adminis¬ 
trative procedure that will give to employes better opportunity 
to rise, which will enable men and women in the service to 
make life plans with fair hope of success, and which will put 
appointments, promotions and increases in compensation on 
a basis of merit is preferable to a method which offers oppor¬ 
tunity to those only who may establish their claim to 

*4 


20 


P 


recognition through subservience and loyalty to an unofficial B 
organization controlled in, the interest of those who woul^ 
thrive by exchanging ‘patronage’ for ‘votes.’ ” 

The following shows in summarized form thejj 
benefits that will develop from the adoption of the^ 
proposed plan of classification: 

1. Establishment of conditions of employment | 
more certain and attractive, bringing about co-opera-^ 
tion and contentment of employes and attracting to | 
the public service more highly trained and competent 
persons to each trade, calling, vocation or profession. 

2. Establishing of standards on which to base j 
appropriations for personal service. 

3. Establishment of standards on which the j 

Civil Service Commission will base its requirements j 
for competitive positions, its entrance and promo- | 
tional examinations, transfers, individual efficiency I 
records, etc. J ■ 

4. Information on which to base studies of work 
and methods with a view of eliminating duplications 
of activities and consequent high cost of government. 

5. Information for the benefit of the public, 
showing the requirements of each branch of the State 
service and for the benefit of those who are preparing 
for entrance in the service and subsequent advance¬ 
ment. 

6. Information that will make it possible to base 
compensation upon the value of the service performed 
— value to be determined from the study of the com¬ 
pensation for similar service in private firms and 
business corporations. 

7. Establishing standards that will make it pos¬ 
sible to substitute for the present unsatisfactory 
methods of increasing salaries, a system of regular 
periodical increases and compensation based Upon 
length of service and satisfactory efficiency records. 

8. Establishment of standards on which to base 
definite lines of promotion within the various grades 
where work done in a less important grade is a 
natural preparation for the next higher. 

9. The establishment of standard titles and 
work requirements for each class and grade of em¬ 
ployment. 

10. Establishment of definite standards that 
must be conformed to after appointment. 


21 


Justice to employes without extravagence to the 
State is the aim of this classification. 

Under a scientific classification 

$3,000 work will be paid $3,000. 

$1,000 work will be paid $1,000. 

$600 work WILL NOT be paid $1,800. 

Section 486-18 of the Civil Service Law says: 

“The Commission shall from time to time make investi¬ 
gations for the purpose of ascertaining the duties imposed by 
law and practice upon each officer and employe or subordinate 
in the classified service, the manner in which duties are per¬ 
formed, the cost thereof, and such other facts as will enable 
the commission to determine the efficiency of such officers 
and employes and subordinates. The commission shall estab¬ 
lish grades in the classified service, based upon similarity 
of duties and salaries; shall standardize employment in each 
grade; shall prescribe factors dr quantities to be used in 
marking the relative efficiency of each officer and employe or 
subordinate in such grades; shall fix standards of efficiency 
to be maintained by officers and employes or subordinates; 
and shall keep a record of the efficiency markings for each 
officer and employe or subordinate in the classified service.” 

The above statute gives the Civil Service Com¬ 
mission full power to make the necessary survey and 
the classification which will be presented to the Legis¬ 
lature at its coming session in 1917. 

Will your representative be for a business-like 
organization of the State government or will he be 
opposed to equal pay for equal work?- 

Opposition to standardization means that you be¬ 
lieve that positions should be obtained and salaries 
regulated by “PULL”. 





SAMPLE EXAMINATION 
QUESTIONS. 


(23) 








SAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. 


CLERKS. 

(Grades II and 111). All State Departments and County • 

Offices. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS —Wt. 3. 

Time Allowed : 3 Hours. 

(Answer Nos. i, 2, 3, 4, 3, and any five of f'he remainder.) 

1. (a) Name in the order of their importance what you 
believe to be the essential characteristics of a good clerk, 
(b) Discuss the importance of proper ventilation as a 
condition of efficiency in an office. 

2. (a) Explain in 150 words or more, the filing and index 
methods of some office or department with which you 
are familiar. 

(b) Suggest and explain any improvements which you 
think should be made in these methods; or, describe an 
entirely different method, and tell for what kind of an 
office it would be suitable. 

3. Name all the appliances necessary to the complete fitting 
out of a large general office. 

4. Assume that you are a clerk in the office of the State 
Board of Administration, and that you have to answer a 
letter which complains of the delay of payment for a 
quantity of coal purchased by the Board. Write a 
reply in full, stating that a voucher authorizing pay¬ 
ment has already passed out of your office, and showing 
what steps you are taking to investigate the matter. 

5. Explain briefly the following terms: Invoice, budget, 
assets, liabilities, voucher, requisition, inventory, warrant, 
depreciation, affidavit. 

(i. Rewrite the following words, correcting those which are 
misspelled: 


deride 

refered 

anualy 

legaly 

signiture 

p'roceedure 

transcription 

fileing 

neatness 

remitance 

publisher 

assHts 

fullfil 

recieveable 

benefited 

necesary 

inclosure 

accurasy 

eligable 

separate 

coppying 

interist 

preference 

supersede 

acknoledge 


7. (a) Multiply 8762 by 3010 and divide the product by 

15.05. 

(b) The U. S. census gives the population of Ohio 
in ICOO as 4,157,545; and in 1910 as 4,767,121. From 
these figures estimate the poi)ulation of the State in 
(a), 1906; and (b), 1916. 

25 





26 


8. As a department clerk, make out a payroll for a de¬ 
partment which has employed the following persons 
during the month of September, 1915: 

Arthur McArthur, secretary, (full month) $200. 
Nicholas Nichols, bookkeeper, (full month) $1,000 per 
annum. 

Joseph Clark, chief clerk, $110 a month. 

Howard Cline, inspector, $5 per diem, exclusive of 
Sundays. 

Henry Green, property clerk, $75 a month. 

Helen Hunt, stenographer. Sept. 1 to 18 inclusive, $85 a 
month. ' 

Lena Larkin, stenographer, began Sept. 14 and worked 
remainder of month at $65 per month. 

May Perry, filing clerk, $75 a month. (On leave of 
absence without pay from Sept. 5 to 13 inclusive.) 

David Doolittle, messenger, $60 per month. (On leave 
without pay. Sept. 22 and 23.) 

9. What are the essential features of a voucher covering 
the payment of money? 

10. Write a reply to a letter from John Smith, Zanes¬ 
ville, O., in which he asserts with much feeling, that 
your office has deliberately ignored his request, mailed 
two weeks previously, for information relative to cer¬ 
tain matters handled by your department. 

REPORT. 

Make a digest of the following opinion from the At¬ 
torney General’s office, stating in brief paragraphs, and clear 
and direct language, the several points determined. 

1 : ' I ' 

. . t ■ ■ . i , 

Hon. Albert S. Fenzel, City Solicitor, 

Middletown, Ohio. 

Dear Sir: — 

I acknowledge receipt of your letter of February 1st, 
upon the following questions: 

“1. Has a humane officer the right to appeal to the 
civil service commission upon dismissal ? 

“2. After a humane officer has been chosen by the 
humane society, and the mayor of the city .has signed his 
commission as humane officer, can the mayor recall his 
signature to the humane officer’s commission at any time he 
desires, thus revoking this officer’s commission?” 

The status of the humane society agent appointed for 
a municipal corporation is peculiar. It appears that this 
agent is not an officer of the municipal corporation at all, 
tho his compensation is to be paid by the municipality. In 
the first instance, he is an officer or agent of the society. 
Clearly he is an appointee of the society, and not of the 
municipality. The power of the mayor, to be exercised in 
connection with his appointment, is not that of appoint¬ 
ment, but that of confirmation. Now, the tenure of office 
of such an agent is not prescribed by any provision of the 
law. Upon elementary principles, then, such agent holds 


27 


his office at the pleasure of the appointing authority. Inas¬ 
much as the appointing power consists of both the humane 
society and the mayor, that is, the concurrence of both is 
necessary to effect an appointment, 1 am of the opinion that 
a like concurrence is necessary to effect removal. That is 
to say, the mayor can, by no act of his, create a vacancy 
in the position of agent of the humane society, nor, on the 
other hand, could the humane society itself by any act of 
the society, create such a vacancy. In short, that a removal 
under these sections may be complete, the humane society 
must act in the first instance, and the mayor must either 
approve the action, or signify his approval thereof by approv¬ 
ing the appointment of a successor to the agent. From 
what has been said it follows, of course, that the humane 
.officer is not an officer of the municipal corporation. Accord¬ 
ingly no question could arise as to such an officer’s being 
in the civil service. I am accordingly of the opinion, that 
upon removal in the manner just described, the humane 
officer has no appeal to the civil service commission of the 
city. And I am of the opinion, for the reasons above stated, 
that the mayor of the city may not by recalling his signature 
to the humane officer’s commission, or by any other single 
act, revoke such commission and thus effect the removal of 
the officer. 


STENOGRAPHER. 

(Grade II). State and County Service. 

Date: May 27, 1916. 


DICTATION I. 

To be dictated at a rate of 120 words per minute. 

Child labor means the lowering of the wage scale. The 
child labor problem has to fight some of the biggest money 
interests in this cduntry, and for this reason the / percentage 
of industries that employ large numbers of children is small 
as compared with other industries Only a few industries are 
conspicuous in this respect. Yet the putting of five // hun¬ 
dred thousand children in the army of workers means a 
wholesale lowering of the wage scale. If we could by law 
stop the employment of every child under fourteen, you / 
would see^an immediate response in the elevation of the wage 
scale, and the solving of many problems of relief. Railroads 
do not employ children, but they are carriers of // coal, and 
the coal mines employ children. No children are employed 
about banks, yet I know a great banking institution in the 
South in which the president and cashier and / directors are 
stockholders in child labor institutions, and the largest de¬ 
positors are cotton mill men. So you see we who stand for 
the abolition of child labor have to fight // the money in¬ 
terests of the country, and the commercial organs are against 
us. For this reason we need your especial sympathy. A 
man’s position on the subject of child labor /As a sure test 
of where he stands on the general question of charity. It 
is easy to give money after it has been wrung out of the 


28 


sweat of // little children, for the building of schools and 
hospitals and asylums. 

Places: Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dayton, Toledo. 
Date: May 27, 1916. 

DICTATION II. 

To be dictated at a rate of 140 words per minute. 

Columbus/ Ohio, May 20, 1£'16. 

Mr. H. D. Price, 

Prin. of Toledo Academy, 

Toledo, Ohio. 

My Dear Sir: 

I have your kind letter of March 5 relating to my son 
Henry. 

It is indeed a pleasure to receive from you so favorable 
an account of the boy’s conduct at your / school, and of his 
satisfactory progress in his studies. 

In view of the facts set forth in your letter, we have 
decided to defer to your judgement and allow him to finish 
the course this year. // 

Mrs. Miller joins me in expressing our grateful appre¬ 
ciation of the benefits our son has received through his at¬ 
tendance at your excellent school, and we wish to thank you 
personally for the very kind interest you have shown in his 
welfare. 

Sincerely yours, 

James R. Miller. 


Date: May 27, 1916. 

DICTATION III. 

Columbus, Ohio, May 19, 1916. 

Mr. John B. Williams, 

Des Moines, lozva. 

My Dear ^ir: 

Your letter of the 25th inst. is at hand and contents duly 
noted. In reply will say that some concerns allow their 
employees two weeks vacation with pay; others one week 
with pay and one week without; and so on. An investi¬ 
gation of this feature shows that in the majority of offices, 
employees who have been with the company for one year 
or more receive two weeks with pay; those who have been 
employed six months or more get one week with pay. One 
firm gives two weeks with full pay to those who have been in 
the company’s employ a year or more and grants an addi¬ 
tional two weeks with pay to those who attain a certain 
standard of efficiency. The Metropolitan Life Insurance 
Company has established a system of adding one day to the 
vacation period after an employe has been with the com¬ 
pany five years, three days after ten years of service, and 
so on, thus making the vacation a method of rewarding 
loyal employes. 

The consensus of opinion seems to be that a business 
concern does not lose in the long run by paying salaries 


29 


to employees while they are on their vacations. They get 
back in increased stamina and renewed vigor much more 
than the money paid out for the time not spent in service. 

Yours very truly, 

Date: May 27, 1916. 

SPELLING. 


1. 

accrued, increased, to be added. 


2. 

warranty, a kind of deed, the grantor is bound to war¬ 
rant and defend the deed. 

3. 

affidavit, a sworn statement. 


4. 

counterfeit, to carry on a deception. 


5. 

infallible, exempt from liability to error in 

judgment. 

6. 

perforate, to bore through.., 


7. 

lacerate, to tear rudely. 


8. 

haphazard, mere chance. 

- 

9. 

scourge, cruel punishment. 


10. 

brick-kiln, a furnace for burning brick. 


11. 

surrogate, a probate judge; a deputy. 


12. 

subsequent, following in time. 


13. 

peaceable, inclined to peace. 


14. 

incandescent, white or glowing with heat. 


15. 

concession, a grant. 


16. 

criticise, to examine critically. 


17. 

connoisseur, critical judge of art. 


18. 

convertible, capable of being changed. 


19. 

eliminate, to cause to be removed. 


20. 

predicament, a trying position. 


21. 

mischievous, making mischief. 


22. 

ellipse, an oval figure. 


23. 

militia, a body of citizens enrolled for 
struction. 

military in- 

24. 

initial, the first letter of a word or name. 


25. 

inflammation, state of being inflamed. 


Date 

: May 27, 1916. 



COPY TEST. 


The following is, in part, the report of the standing 
committee on arrangement and phraseology of Proposal No. 
151 of the Constitutional Convention of Ohio. 

In title strike out “XXX” and insert “XV”. 

In title strike out “18” and insert “9”. 

In title strike out “of Schedule”. 

In title strike out all after dash and insert: “License 
to traffic in intoxicating liquors”. 

In lines 2 and 3 strike out “the constitution by sub¬ 
stituting for section 18 of the schedule the following:” and 
insert “Article XV, Section 9, of the constitution and that:” 

In lines 3 and 4 eliminate paragraph. 

In line 4 strike out “Section I. At” and insert “at”. 

In line 6 change “article” to “section”. 

In line 9 strike out “FOR LICENSE”. 

Insert subhead “ARTICLE XV.” 

In line 10 before the word “License” insert “Sec. 9”. 

In line 10 strike out the word “hereafter”. 


30 


iii line 15 change “where” to “WHERE” and insert 
“the” after “where”. 

In line 19 change “law” to “laws”. 

In line 20 after “now” insert “in force”. 

In Knes 21 and 22 eliminate paragraph. 

In line 22 strike out “No license shall” and insert: 
“License to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall not”. 

In line 22 strike out “such”. 

In line 23 after “application” insert “therefor”. 

In line 24 strike out “No license shall” and insert: 
“License shall not”. 

In line 24 strike out “or manner”. 

In lines 25 and 26 strike out “beverages” and insert 
“liquors”. 

In line 27 strike out “or manner”. 

In line 28 strike out “asked to be licensed, and that” 
and insert “for which the license is sought; and”. 

In lines 28 and 29 strike out “in any manner whatso¬ 
ever”. 

In line 30 change the first comma to a semi-colon, and 
strike out “and”. 

In line 30 strike out “be made to” and insert: “shall”. 

In line 30 strike out “said”. 

In lines 31 and 32 eliminate paragraph. 

In line 33 strike out “the license and said licensee” and 
insert: “his license”. 

In lines 34 and 35 strike out “such convicted licensee” 
and insert: “him”. 

In lines 35 and 36 eliminate paragraph. 

Strike out lines 36 and 39 inclusive and insert: “License 
to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall not be granted unless the 
place of traffic under such license shall be located in the 
county in which the person or persons reside whose duty 
it is to grant such license, or in a county adjoining thereto”. 

Strike out lines 40, 41 and 42. 

In line 43 strike out “Section 2. At” and insert: “Re¬ 
solved, further, that at”. 

In line 47 strike out “Section 3”. 

In line 53 strike out “Section”. 

Date: May 27, 1916. 

ARRANGEMENT OF HEADING—Wt. 

Time allowed, 20 minutes. 

The applicant will arrange the heading and paragraphs 
in the most attractive display. 

Constitution and By-Laws of the Master Steam Boiler 
Makers’ Association, adopted April 19th, 1902. Article 1. 
Section I. The title-name of our Association, for the present, 
will be the Master Steam Boiler Makers’ Association. Sec. 
2. The seal and emblem of the Association will be tfie 
original Watt boiler. Sec. 3. The office of its executive or 
managing body shall be permanently located in the City of 
Chicago, in the State of Illinois, U. S. A., at such place 
as the Executive Board shall designate. 


31 


Date: May 27, 1916. 

ENGLISH. 

1. Give the meaning of the following synonyms and use 
each correctly in a sentence: 

enough, plenty; criticism, reprimand; learn, teach; 
ignorant, illiterate; disaster, misfortune. 

2. From words enclosed in parentheses, insert the proper 
one in blank spaces: 

(a) Laying bricks was his., but his. 

was playing ball, (avocation, vocation). 

(b) The number that we lose by.is small in 

comparison with the number that we gain by. 

(emigration, immigration). 

(c) The.told the pupils that in matters of 

. they should follow the dictates of con¬ 
science. (principal, principle). 

(d) Let James and.go to^ the theater. (I, me). 

(e) They told of.finding the money, (him, his). 

3. Correct the following if necessary: 

(a) John was laying on the ground, when his brother 
laid down beside him. 

(b) My old friend and schoolmate were in town. 

(c) Every man, woman and child was lost. 

(d) He gave John and I a book. 

(e) Either the master or his servants is to blame. 

4. Write abbreviations for the following words: 
gentlemen, esquire, Florida, account, against, namely, 
that is, for example, pages, bushel. 

5. Write a letter of recommendation for a friend who is 
applying for a stenographic position. 

STENOGRAPHER (MALE). 

(Grade II). State and County Service. 

Date: May 27, 1916. 

ORAL 

1. What is your occupation at the present time? 

2.. Can you tell by the appearance of a letter whether or 
not it has been written by a good stenographer? How? 

3. How much information do you think a stenographer 
should give to a person outside the-office? 

4. How many hours should a stenographer work in a 
day? Any overtime? 

h. In offering your services to the state, v/hy do you feel 
that the state should purchase your services? 

PROBATION OFFICER (without rank), JUVENILE 
COURT, HAMILTON COUNTY. 

Date: October 2, 1915. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. State briefly the present statutory provisions in the 
State of Ohio in relation to the appointment and com¬ 
pensation of Probation Officers, 









32 


2. What, in your opinion, are the chief, direct, and con¬ 
tributory causes of juvenile delinquency in the city 
of Cincinnati? 

3. Who is a “Delinquent Child”? A “Dependent Child”? 

4. What is the purpose of a juvenile court detention 
home? 

5. Of what importance do you consider the family his¬ 
tory of a child in the dispositiqn of his case? 

6. What plan do you offer for the local care of feeble¬ 
minded girls between 12 and 18 years of age? 

7. How much would you depend upon the Sunday School 
teacher as a source of information in regard to a pro¬ 
bationer? 

8. What should be the relations between a Probation 
Officer for juveniles and — 

(a) Compulsory attendance officers; 

(b) Factory Inspectors? 

9. Outline what you would consider a desirable plan for 
the duties of a Probation Officer, — 

(a) In relation to offenders before their trial; 

(b) In court. 

10. What is the difference between an affidavit and a 
complaint as used in Juvenile Court procedure? 

11. Name six agencies of a charitable, reformatory, edu¬ 
cational, or kindred character in the city of Cincinnati 
with which you would expect to co-operate, and the 
advantages which, in your opinion, your work would 
derive from such co-operation. 

12. What course would you advise for the probationary 
oversight of a child under the following circumstances? 

(a) A girl, 12 years of age, whose mother is dead and 
who lives with her elder sister and her father, has 
been brought before the Court charged with being 
wilfully disobedient to her sister and frequently asso¬ 
ciates with bad company in the streets, but has not 
been guilty of any immoral act. 

(b) A boy who is addicted to attendance at cheap 
theatres, whose record and home surroundings are 
good, has snatched a lady’s pocket book in the street 
in order to secure money for admission to the theatre. 

13. How would you handle the following condition: 

Girl, age 15, taken out of city for immoral purposes? 

14. What are the essential requirements for a mother to 
receive relief under the law for “mothers’ pensions”? 

Date: October 2, 1915. 

REPORT 

Write a report addressed to the Judge of the Ju¬ 
venile Court concerning a boy 14 years of age who has 
been under your probationary oversight for a period of 
one month after having been found guilty of stealing lead 
pipe from the cellar of an unoccupied house, assuming any 
facts concerning the boy’s behavior, home influences, etc., 
which you may desire. 


33 


Date: October 2, 1915. 

ORAL _ 

Rating - % 

N, B. Examiner should ask the same or simi- 
ilar questions of each candidate so as to 
reveal to the examiner the personality and 
adaptability of the candidate, following the 
general outline of questions hereon sub¬ 
mitted, grading each division on the basis 
of 100%. 

1. County Conditions : 

(a) Geography of the county, 

(b) Settlement House work, if any in county, 

•(c) Congested portions, 

(d) Extent of dependency, 

(e) Extent of delinquency, 

(f) Foreign element, 

(g) Colored element, 

(h) Social conditions generally. 

-- % 

2. Information: 

(a) Inception of Juvenile Court work, 

(b) Purpose of Juvenile Court, 

(c) Mothers’ pensions, 

(d) Good derived from mothers’ pensions. 

(e) Reasons for desiring this position. 

-% 

3. Questions on: 

(a) Sympathy for children, 

(b) Sympathy for parents, 

(c) Proper care of wards. % 

SUPERINTENDENT, FAIRMOUNT CHILDREN S 
HOME. 

Date : March 18, 1916. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. (a) How can a Superintendent of a Children’s Home 
co-operate with the school teachers of the institution in 
securing greatest progress at school? 

(b) What should you have the boy over 10 years of 
age do before and after school hours? 

2. (a) What means would you employ in administering 
punishment? 

(b) In case of persistent disobedience, what^ would 
you do? 

3. What, in your mind, is the purpose of a Children’s 
Home? Answer in full. 

4. How would you proceed to obtain the information 
necessary to enable you to determine whether a certain 
home was suitable one for a child from the institution? 
What conditions would you consider essential? 

5. (a) What precautions should be taken to prevent 
tuberculosis in a dairy herd? 







34 


(b) How would you handle a herd of 300 hogs (all 
sizes) to keep them free from cholera? 

6. (a) What is meant by rotation of crops? 

(b) What is the value of crop rotation? 

(c) Name at least two crop rotations adaptable to 
Ohio farms. 

7. (a) If you were buying work horses for a farm, what 
type would you choose? Why? 

(b) How would you feed horses doing heavy work? 
Doing little or no work? 

8. (a) What kind of live stock would you raise on an 
institutional farm? Why? 

(b) How would you feed and care for a cow seven 
days before she calves and seven days after she calves? 

9. Would you determine the value of a superintendent of 
an institution by the amount of money he would turn 
in each year? If not, why not? 

10. A farm superintendent bought 30 head of cattle averag¬ 
ing 600 pounds each, at five cents per pound. After 
feeding them five months, during which time they made 
a gain of 80 pounds per month, they were sold at 8^ 
cents per pound. During this time they consumed 1250 
bushels of corn at 70 cents per bushel; six tons of oil 
meal at $25.00 per ton; 50 tons of clover hay at $6.50 
per ton. Did the owner gain or lose, and how much? 
(All work must be shown). 

ORAL. 

1. What experience have you had in handling employes? 

2. What business or agricultural pursuits have you fol¬ 
lowed ? 

3. How would you care for a work horse’s neck and 
shoulders when first put at hard work in the Spring? 

4. In maintaining a Children’s Home, what is the relative 
importance of; Field crops; truck and gardening; 
orcharding; and livestock? 

5. Have you ever been connected with any welfare work? 

6. What would you want to know about a dependent child 
before placing it in a foster home? 


MATRON, FAIRMOUNT CHILDREN’S HOME. 

Date: March 18, 1916. 

. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. What idea would you have in mind in bringing up 
children under your charge? 

2. What principles would you follow in selecting books 
for children to read? Give the names of at least five 
books which you regard as suitable for boys and girls. 

3. How would you treat a child who had hiccoughs? Nose 
bleed? One who had fainted? 

4. Make out a bill of fare for children from 10 to 15 
years of age, for each of the three meals, for a day 
in February. For a day in July. 


35 


5. (a) How often should menus be repeated? 

(b) Explain how to secure variety. 

(c) Name some substitutes for meat. 

6. (a) Mention some things essential in the care of a 
dining room. 

(b) Some for care of silver. 

(c) Some for care of sleeping rooms. 

(d) Some for care of linens. 

7. (a) What means would you take to prevent a panic 
in case of fire? 

(b) How would you improve the morals of the chil¬ 
dren in an institution? 

(c) What special care should the matron exercise over 

. girls under her care at the time of puberty? 

8. (a) How much freedom would you permit among the 
children of an instiution during meals? 

(b) Should all the children be dressed alike? Why? 

(c) Would you permit both sexes to play together? 
Explain. 

9. What are the different ways in which children may be 
employed at useful as well as necessary work? 

10. (a) Under what conditions are children admitted to 
a Children’s home ? 

(b) What are some of the causes which lead to the 
necessity of maintaining a Children’s Home? 

11. State in full what information you think you would 
obtain'to determine whether a certain home was suitable 
for a child from an institution. 

12. (a) How often should children bathe in Summer? 
In Winter? 

(b) What is a defective child? 

(c) What is a dependent child? 

(d) What is a delinquent child? 

13. If it takes 2714 gallons of milk a day for a Children's 
Home, what would be the cost per week of the milk 
supply at six cents per quart? (Show all your work). 

14. If the cost of food used for one week is $588 and an 
average of 280 children are fed at each meal for three 
meals per day, what is the average cost for each meal 
for each person? (Show all your work). 

15. Write at least 100 words on the selecting and handling 
of institutional help, touching the following points: 

(a) Kind of help. 

(b) Age of the help. 

(c) Time you will allow them off duty. 

(d) Vacations. 

ORAL. 

1. Have you ever been associated with organizations for 
the welfare of children? To what extent? 

2. What is your opinion of moving pictures in an institu¬ 
tion as amusement for children? 

3. Mention some ways in which you would create a home 
atmosphere and training in a Children’s Home? 

4. Would you advise that foster children be legally adopted 
immediately upon being taken into a home? Why? 



36 


5. Have you any children of your own? 

G. How would you furnish rooms in an institution for 
children? 


Combined Oral. 

1. Do you think that the schools at a child-caring institu¬ 
tion are inferior to our average public schools? Why? 

2. What trades or occupations do you think children in 
a Home might learn ? 

3. Should children have private apartments in an institu¬ 
tion? Should they have any privacy at all? Explain. 

4. What would you do with the child who had a tendency 
to run away from the home? 

o. How often should children, placed in private homes, 
be visited? 

6. How would you entertain children on Hallowe’en 
night? July 4? Christmas? Lincoln’s Birthday anni¬ 
versary ? 

7. Would you examine children upon entering that in¬ 
stitution? 

How often examine the children already in the insti¬ 
tution ? 

VISITOR FOR CHILDREN’S WELFARE DEPART¬ 
MENT, BOARD OF STATE CHARITIES. 

Date-. July 28, 1915. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. State what you consider to be the indispensible re¬ 
quisites for a home in which it would be proper to 
place a dependent child. 

2. Mention specific conditions which in your judgment 
would definitely disqualify such a home. 

3. What would be your method of obtaining the informa¬ 
tion necessary to determine the fitness of foster family 
to have the care and custody of a dependent child? 

4. In visiting a dependent child in a foster home for the 
purpose of ascertaining whether it was being properly 
treated, what are the chief points you would consider, 
and how would you proceed to secure the desired in¬ 
formation concerning them? 

5. What should a Children’s Welfare Visitor know about 
a child before undertaking to place him in a foster 
home? 

G. Discuss briefly the importance and best methods of 
disciplining children. 

7. State briefly the general principles which should govern 
the diet and the sleeping hours of children. 

8. In investigating their home, how could the vi'^itor 
respect the wishes of a family of culture and refinement 
who desire to adopt an infant, but who do not desire 
any publicity in connection with it? 

C'. How could this child be visited at least twice a year, as 
required by law, without doing violence to the wishes of 
the foster parents? 



37 


10. How would a visitor determine the advisability of plac¬ 
ing a child in the home of an applicant not well known 
to any person in the community? 

11. Should foster parents be encouraged to legally adopt 
infants as soon as possible after reception? Give rea¬ 
sons for your answer. 

12. What means would you employ to arouse interest in a 
public meeting which you had called in the interest of 
child protection? 

13. In inspecting a children’s institution, what facts con¬ 
cerning the institution would you seek to determine? 

14. In a backward community where the facilities for caring 
for dependent children are poor or inadequate, what 
steps could a visitor take to develop a sense of com¬ 
munity responsibility for the care of the neglected 
children of the county? 

FERTILIZER AND FEED INSPECTOR, STATE BOARD 
OF AGRICULTURE. 

Date: January 13, 1916. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. What advantages to the agricultural interests of the 
State follow fertilizer inspection? 

2. (a) Commercial fertilizers are used mainly to supply 
what three chemical elements to the soil? 

(b) What is the chief source of supply of each of 
these? 

(c) In what way does each affect the plant? 

(d) Define “available” and “insoluble” as applied to 
constituents of commercial fertilizers. 

3. What facts must be stated in the chemical analysis 
which the law requires the manufacturer to print on 
each package of commercial fertilizer? 

4. Give the meaning of each of the following; Kainit; 
basic slag; bone meal; raw bone meal; steamed bone 
meal; tankage; peat; floats. 

5. What is the difference between linseed meal and flax¬ 
seed meal? 

6. Distinguish between “Old Process” and “New Process” 
oil meal? 

7. (a) What are the principal valuable constituents of 
a feed ? 

(b) What is meant by a balanced ration? 

8. When is a feeding material deemed, under the statutes, 
to be adulterated? 

9. During an inspection trip, you find a warehouse which 
you believe to contain goods not in accordance with 
legal requirements. The owner refuses to unlock the 
building that you may obtain samples. How would 
you proceed? 

10. A certain fertilizer manufacturer guaranteed a partic¬ 
ular brand of fertilizers to contain 2% of Ammonia, 
8% Available Phosphoric Acid, and 2% Potash. 


'38 


The State Chemist found in the sample sent him 
by the Inspector 1.83% Ammonia, 8.44% Available 
Phosphoric Acid, and 1.98% Potash. Assuming that 
the market value of the Ammonia to be 17.7c. per 
pound; the Available Phosphoric Acid, 4.75c. per 
pound; and the Potash, $1.05 per unit, find the com¬ 
mercial value of a ton o'f this fertilizer. (Show work 
in full). 

FERTILIZER AND FEED INSPECTION. 

ORAL. 

1. State some ways in which unscrupulous fertilizer manu¬ 
facturers undertake to impose upon the purchasers of 
their goods. 

2. Do you consider home mixing of fertilizers practicable 
and profitable? 

3. When and where was the manufacture of fertilizers in 
this state begun? 

4. Why are low grade goods in reality more costly than 
high grade? 

5. Why do American farmers produce much less per acre 
than European? 

0. Under what obligations would an incumbent of this 
position be, with respect to his general deportment? 

7. What do you consider your principal qualifications for 
this position? 

8. What books and periodicals do you read? 

FOOD INSPECTOR (MALE), STATE BOARD OF 
AGRICULTURE, DAIRY AND FOOD DIVISION. 

Class F. 

Date : December 3, 1915. 

1. Give at least four reasons why foodstuffs should be 
inspected. 

2. Name five different ways in which food may be adul¬ 
terated. 

3. Suggest a mode of procedure for securing samples from 
storekeepers without causing disorder. 

4. (a) How would you take up a sample and what would 
you do with it before delivering it to the chemist? 

(b) How would you identify the sample when brought 
into court by the chemist? 

5. What conditions should be closely observed in the in¬ 
spection of a cannery? 

6. What conditions as to sanitation should surround the 
confectionery store? 

7. What course would you pursue in case the owner of a 
grocery made abusive remarks after you had disclosed 
your identity? 

8. What are the statutory provisions concerning the sale 
or use of oleomargarine? 

9. In making a sanitary inspection of a grocery store, to 
what features would you pay particular attention? 


39 


10. In what ways may flavoring extracts be adulterated 
and cite examples of such adulteration? 

DEPUTY GAME WARDEN, STATE BOARD OF AGRI¬ 
CULTURE OF OHIO. 

Dates : August 24 and 25, 1915, 9 :00 A. M. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. Why does the law require hunters to take out a license? 
Who issues these licenses? 

2. Who is a resident hunter? A non-resident hunter? 
What is the fee for each? 

3. Make out a daily expense account covering a period of 
five days. (Examiner will furnish blanks). 

4. Suppose you find a man gathering birds’ eggs, as he 
says “for scientific purposes”; what would you do? 

5. What changes were made in recent legislation regard¬ 
ing black bass? calico or strawberry bass? 

6. What are the most important duties of a game warden? 

7. If you met a man with a gun in the woods, but no 
game and no license, what would you do? 

8. Detail.the proceedings through which you would have 
to go after having made an arrest. 

9. What is the open season on rabbits? Quail? Squirrel? 
Black bass? Wild Duck? 

10. What is the law regarding the use of a trot-line? 

11. Name at least two important things that ought to be 
accomplished in your particular section by a game 
warden, and tell how you expect actually to accomplish 
them. 

12. Must a hunter have a license to kill crows? Ground¬ 
hogs? Chicken-hawks? 

13. What changes were made recently in the law pertain¬ 
ing to hunting rabbits? 

14. A group of pictures will be shown consecutively num¬ 
bered—give the proper name for each by number. 

ORAL. 

1. What educational work do you think could be 
carried on by a game warden? 

2. Why do you desire this position? 

3. Are you a sportsman? 

4. Name some personal qualities that you think a 
game warden ought to possess. 

PAYROLL AUDITOR, INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION. 

Date: October 26, 1915, 9:00 A. M. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. What course must be pursued by an employer who 
elects hot to carry insurance under the state liability 
board of awards? 

2. Upon entering the office of a business concern for the 
purpose of auditing its payroll, what books and records 



40 


would you request, and how would you proceed to 
verify them? 

3. (a) What features of the work of a payroll auditor 
are likely to call for the exercise of much tact? 

(b) Under what obligations is an employe of the State 
with regard to his personal habits and general conduct? 

4. A buys 240 shares of 4% stock at 128.50. If at the 
end of 2 yrs. and 0 mos. he sells it at 132.25k2, what 
has been his annual gain per cent on his investment? 
(Show work in full). 

5. (a) Two injuries against a payroll of $40,000 pro¬ 
duces how many injuries per $100,000 of payroll? 

(b) 32 injuries as against a payroll of $45,000 produces 

how many injuries per $100,0(0 of payroll? 

G. What is the difference between a "single entry” and a 
“double entry” system of bookkeeping? Give illustra¬ 
tion. 

7. March 1 Sold A. R. Mann on account, merchandise, 

$ 1020 . 

11 Sold A. R. Mann on account, merchandise, 
$250. 


14 Received of A. R. Mann to apply on account, 
cash, $300. 

15 Received of A. R. Mann to apply on account, 
his GO-day note for $400. 

20 A. R. Mann returned merchandise valued 
at $200. 

25 Sold A. R. Mann on account, merchandise 
valued at $200. 

28 Received of A. R. Mann on account, cash, 
$400. 

28 Discount allowed A. R. Mann for cash, $20. 

30 A. R. Mann returned merchandise to the 
vale of $80. 

30 Received cash from A. R. IVIann for mer¬ 
chandise, $200. 

30 Discount allowed A. R. Mann for cash, $10. 
May 7 Sold A. R. Mann on account, merchandise, 
$300. 

Applicant will rule a sheet of paper and enter the items 
in their respective columns, and find the balance after 
each transaction. 


8. (a) An employer is carrying state insurance. One of 

his employes, whose average weekly wage is $17,00. is 
killed, leaving a widow wholly dependent. The widow 
is entitled to a compensation award equal to GGi% of 
his wages for-a period of six years. How much is her 
compensation award? 

(b) If, instead, this employe had lost both hands, he 
would receive a compensation award equal to G6s% 
of his average weekly wage for the remainder of his 
life. Assuming his life expectancy to be 22 years, and 
that he just lived out this expectancy, what is the total 
amount of compensation which he would receive from 
the state insurance fund? 


41 


ORAL. 

1. What is the intent and purpose of the workmen’s com¬ 
pensation act? 

'2. What features of the work of a traveling auditor would 
appeal to you most strongly? 

3. Suppose you go to an employer and he refuses you the 
privilege of looking over his payroll; what would you 
do? 

4. What would you say to an employer whose objections 
to insuring under the State plan are based on the fluc¬ 
tuations of politics and frequent changes of admin¬ 
istration ? 

5. Do you believe that, as a general rule, labor is 
adequately compensated ? 

FREE EMPLOYMENT CLERK, INDUSTRIAL 
COMMISSION. 

Date: February 20, 1915. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. What do you think should be the qualifications of a 
clerk in a free employment agency? 

2. What records do you think should be kept by the office, 
and in what manner should they be kept? 

3. What things should be ascertained in regard to appli¬ 
cants for work? 

4. What facts, in your opinion, should be ascertained by 
the agency concerning positions offered to its patrons? 

5. How much of this information would you write down? 
Would you keep it in a record book or on filing cards? 

G. Under what conditions, generally speaking, are filing 
cards preferable for office use, to record books? 

7. What plan would you adopt in order to increase your 
list of employers that would furnish work for those 
who patronize the agency? 

8. By what means would you endeavor to increase your 
efficiency and your fitness for the position ? 

9. What would you consider the obligations of an in¬ 
cumbent of this position with respect to his personal 
habits and conduct outside the office? 

10. What should l)e his attitude toward those who apply 
for work? 


REPORT. 

Write a report of about 300 words on the necessity for 
state employment agencies, and the results which they may 
reasonably be expected to accomplish. 

ORAL INFORMATION. 

1. Local Conditions : 

Geography of county and city. 

Industrial conditions of locality. 

Extent of unemployment. 

Lines of employment open to foreigners. 


42 


Unemployment among colored part of population. 
Lines of employment open to colored. 

2. Special Information: 

Inception of State Employment Office work. 

Extent of same in this and other cities. 

Extent of private employment agency work in this 
city. 

Obligations of Employment Clerk. 

Methods of approaching employers in soliciting co¬ 
operation. 


DISTRICT DEPUTY (MALE), INDUSTRIAL COMMIS¬ 
SION, DIVISION OF WORKSHOPS AND 
FACTORIES. 

Class F. 

Date: November 18, 1915. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. What are the chief duties of an Inspector of Work¬ 
shops and Factories? 

2. What is a sweat-shop? A fire-proof building? Em¬ 
ployer? Manufacturer? 

3. When is a workshop or factory deemed a public 
nuisance? 

4. Who has the power of enforcing the laws governing 
inspection of workshops and factories? 

5. What are convict-made goods? How would you label 
such goods? 

0. Under what conditions may a boy 15 years of age and 
a girl 16 years of age go to work? Answer in full. 

7. How often would you say that the air in school rooms 
should be changed? In an auditorium seating 2,000 
people? 

8. What are the main points in inspecting a factory? A 
hotel? An auditorium? A general store? 

9. In the basement of a general store you find combusti¬ 
bles. What course do you think you would pursue? 
(Answer in full). 

10. In sending in a report of an investigation of a factory, 
aside from the factory itself, what information would 
you judge should be submitted to the head of the 
department of Workshops and Factories? 

11. Name at least three systems of heating public buildings. 
Which one do you consider best for heating school ' 
buildings? Why? 

12. Name two systems of ventilation. Which would you 
recommend for theatre buildings? Why? 

13. How would you proceed to inspect a high speed machine 
shop employing 1,500 persons? Would you ask anyone 
to accompany you? If so, whom? Why? (Answer 
in detail). 

14. A report comes to you of an employer violating • the 
child labor laws. Upon investigation, a certain girl 
claims she is 19 years of age, employe'- has her on his 


43 


payroll as 19 years old, her mother says she is 19 
years of age. How will you verify the condition? 

15. In a small tobacco factory you find girls working on 
an average of 12 hours a day. The work is pleasam, 
conditions are favorable and sanitary, the girls are con¬ 
tented, and employer states that it would be a great 
hardship to him to shorten the hours of the girls 
employed. What would you say to this .employer^ 
Give a full account of what you think you would do. 

16, The State Building Code permits one person for every 
15 square feet of floor space on the third floor of an 
office building. An office 45x85 feet, on the third floor 
of such a building, is occupied by 275 clerks. How 
many clerks can lawfully be employed in this office? 


LADY VISITOR, INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION (FAC¬ 
TORY INSPECTION DEPARTMENT). 

Class F. 

Date: April 9, 1915, 9:00 A. M. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. (a) Give the provisions of the law regarding the em¬ 
ployment of minors in factories. 

(b) Give the main provisions of the law regarding the 
hours of labor of children, minors, and women in 
factories. 

2. (a) What are the purposes of child labor regulation? 

(b) What are the reasons for restricting hours of 
labor of women? 

(c) What is the relation between child labor and 
truancy enforcement? 

3. You are sent into a city of 30,000 to proceed in the 
matter of child labor violations reported in a factory 
employing thirty boys under 15 years. How would you 
determine whether or not the provisions of the law 
prohibiting employment of children under 15 years are 
being violated? How would you verify ages? The 
factory is in operation ten hours a day but the children, 
according to posted schedules stating hours of work, 
are employed eight hours a day. How would you 
verify this? 

4. What welfare measures that might be used in a large 
mercantile or manufacturing establishment would you 
consider preventive, as opposed to curative? Explain 
briefly. 

5. Name the employments in which minors under 18 years 
of age are frequently found to be working. What 
methods would you take to find out all the places where 
minors are employed? 

6. How would you proceed to prove specific violation of the 
ten hour a day, 54 hour a week law in the following 
case? A restaurant is reported as violating the law, 
no definite instances being given. Fifteen women are 


44 


employed in shifts arranged according to the needs of 
the work, the hours being “split” and differently ar¬ 
ranged every two or three days. 

7. Take some shop with which you are familiar, in which 
the conditions from a safety and sanitary standpoint 
are bad. How would you, if you were a “Visitor,” 
proceed to bring about an improvement in their con¬ 
dition ? 

8. Supplying the necessary facts, give an outline of the 
inspection of a knitting mill employing a large number 
of women and children. Assuming that the sanitary 
requirements for the health and comfort of employees 
have not been complied with, give orders to correct 
the defects in accordance with the law. 

9. How many persons would you allow to be employed 
during the day time in a room 50 ft. long, 25 ft. wide, 
and 15 ft. high? Describe a good system of ventila¬ 
tion for such a room. 

10. In a country telephone exchange, you find a girl work¬ 
ing on an average 12 hours a day. The work is pleas¬ 
ant, conditions are favorable, the traffic is light, the 
girl is contented and the employer states that it would 
be a great hardship to him to shorten the hours of the 
girl’s employment. What would you say to this em¬ 
ployer? 


REPORT. 

Write approximately 300 words on “The Objects Sought 
to be Obtained by the Factory Inspection Laws.” 

ORAL. 

1. Special Information: 

1. Name and give the principal locations of six of the 
leading manufacturing industries of Ohio. 

2. Name six of the leading industries employing con¬ 
siderable numbers of women. 

3. Name six of the leading industries employing con¬ 
siderable numbers of children. 

4. What are the principal difficulties encountered in 
enforcing laws regulating the employment of 
women ? 

5. What are the principal difficulties encountered in 
enforcing the Child Labor laws? 

6. How do you think the cooperation of a community 
may be secured for the enforcement of laws regu¬ 
lating the employment of women and children? 

7. What are the qualifications necessary for a Lady 
Visitor? 

8. What natural qualifications, experience, or training 
particularly fits you for the work as a Lady Visitor? 


45 


CLAIMS EXAMINER, INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION. 

Date: November 23, 1915. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1 (a) What are the chief duties of a claims examiner? 

(b) What should a newly appointed claims examiner 
do to equip himself for the new duties confronting 
him ? 

2. (a) What is meant by the term “liability” as used in 
connection with industrial accidents? 

(b) Occupational diseases? 

(c) What is a “self-inflicted injury”? Give example 
of same. 

3. An employe has had an injury resulting in the loss of 
one hand. The Compensation Act provides that such 
employe is entitled to 661% of his weekly wages 
during a period of two hundred and fifty weeks. Give 
the amount of total award in a claim where the em¬ 
ploye was earning the sum of $13.50 per week at the 
time of injury. (Show work in full.) 

4. Under the Compensation Act, compensation in death 
claims is to be paid to the actual dependents of a de¬ 
ceased workman, according to the degree of depend¬ 
ency. What is meant by the term “dependents” as 
used in connection with this act? 

5. Suppose there were 7,900 employes injured during a 
certain period. Of these injuries, 17% were due to 
negligence of the employer, 29% were due to careless¬ 
ness of employes, 11% were caused by negligence of 
both; and the remaining number were attributed to 
other causes. Find the number of injuries attributed 
to each. 

6. Under the Workman’s Compensation Act what recourse 
has the employer whose wage expenditure for the 
legal period is less than the amount upon which his 
premium was estimated? 

7. Who is the custodian of the State Insurance fund? 
How are disbursements paid? (Answer in full.) 

8. What employers are subject to the provisions of the 
Workman’s Compensation Act? What provision is 
made for the employer who does not care to con¬ 
tribute to the State Insurance Fund? 

9. What is meant by a claimant; an affidavit; a defend¬ 
ant; wholly dependent person; permanent partial dis¬ 
ability? 

10. When, if ever, would you give your own personal 
opinion of a case you had examined? Give reasons 
for your answer. 

11. What three facts must be established by an applicant 
in a death claim in order to prove dependency? 

12. (a) Is the state insurance rate the same for all kinds 
of manufacturers? 



46 


(b) In the same manufacturing establishments where 
there are many different classes of laborers is the in¬ 
surance rate the same? 

(c) How is the insurance rate finally determined for 
the manufacturer? 


ORAL. 

Special Information. 

1. When is a man in the course of his employment? 

2. Where would you go for the' most reliable evidence 
concerning an employe who had been injured? Why? 

3. Name five industries which you think would neces¬ 
sarily pay a high rate of insurance. A low rate of in¬ 
surance. 

4. What is meant by a “State risk”? “Self-insurance 
risk”? 

o. Do minors under 21 come under the Workman’s Com¬ 
pensation Act ? Under what conditions ? 

6. What do you understand by a “delinquent employer”? 

7. What class of employers do not come under the com¬ 
pulsory provisions of the Workman’s Compensation 
Act? 

8. Do you think a farmer, no matter how many hands he 
employs, should come under this act? Why? 


COTTAGE MATRON, STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

Date: April 19, 1916. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. • . 

1. Why, in your opinion, are some teachers and some 
parents able to maintain discipline with ease, while 
others do so with difficulty or not at all? 

2. With boys from eight to twelve years of age, in an 
institution for orphans, what methods of discipline 
would you employ? What forms of punishment? Wliat 
incentives to good conduct? 

3. Answer same questions as in Number 2 with respect 
to girls from 12 to 16 years of age. 

4. Suppose you found an ink drawing on an inside wall 
of your cottage, how would you undertake to find out 
who did it? What punishment, if any, would you 
administer, and why? 

5. What do you think of holding the whole cottage re¬ 
sponsible for what a single boy or girl does? 

6. How would you endeavor to create among those in 
your charge, a spirit of sympathy, kindliness, and good 
fellowship, in the interests of discipline and content¬ 
ment ? 

7. Recognizing the tendency of children toward hero wor¬ 
ship, give the names of five men and five women, living 
or dead, whom you would consider worthy to serve as 
examples for the boys and girls respectively, to emu¬ 
late. 



47 


8. In general, what means would you employ to incul¬ 
cate moral and religious truths? 

9. Tell what you understand by the honor system, and 
what application you think it should have in an insti¬ 
tution such as the Girls’ Industrial Home at Delaware. 

10. Write a letter to your superintendent, telling of an 
imaginary offence which it is assumed that some child 
under your care has committed, and statirg what action 
you are taking or recommending, and giving your 
reasons for same. 

ORAL 

1. Name several things that a matron should be careful 
to do or to avoid doing, for the sake cf her example 
to those under her. 

2. W^hen, if at all, is it proper to scold a child? What 
are the results of habitual scolding? Of frequent 
threatening? 

3. What would be your method of dissuading boys from 
the use of tobacco? 

4. WTat do you know as to the tendency of small children 
to prevaricate? Do you consider this a serious offense? 
W'^hat would be your remedy? 

5. In what kind of clothing should children sleep? Why 
should it not be that worn during the day? 

6. Do you, or -can you, make and mend your own cloth¬ 
ing? 

7. Name several books you have read. Some that are 
suitable for children. WTat papers or magazines would 
you recommend as appropriate for children? 

CHIEF MATRON, GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME, DELA¬ 
WARE, OHIO BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Class G. 

Date: January 27, 1916. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. Distinguish between defective, dependent, and delin¬ 
quent girls. Can the same girl be found in more than 
one of these classes? Illustrate. * 

2. How should the education of a girl in this kind of 
institution differ from or conform to the education of 
the normal girl? 

3. What do you know about the number and type of 
girls entering reformatories? 

4. What place should the honor system have in the 
disciplinary methods? WTat ideas have you about the 
demerit system? 

5. Give your ideas of the place of systematic recreation 
in the education of the girl. 

Class G. 

THESIS 

Choose one of the following subjects for a thesis not to 

exceed 500 words: 


48 

1. The value of systematic, supervised recreation in the 
education of the girl, 

2. Release and after-care. 

d. What is your observation of the success in the restora¬ 
tion of character in the delinquent girl? 


GUARD (MALE), STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRA¬ 
TION, PENITENTIARY AT COLUMBUS, OHIO, 
STATE REFORMATORY AT MANSFIELD, AND 
LIMA STATE HOSPITAL AT LIMA. 

Date : November 19, 1915, 9 :00 A. M. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. What are the purposes sought in the confinement of 
prisoners ? Discuss both from the standpoint of the 
prisoner and society. 

2. Suppose a party of prisoners, in your charge, became 
unruly and noisy; what would you do? 

3. Outline what you would consider a fair day’s work 
and recreation for prisoners, giving time devoted to 
each activity. Also outline the way in which you would 
have prisoners spend Sunday, including time for each 
activity. 

4. Suppose you had 30 prisoners under your control and 
one should attempt to escape, what would you do? 

5. The examiner will have three orders to read to the 
applicants. Afterwards the applicants will write the 
substance of each separately. 

6. What is meant by “release on parole”; “indeterminate 
sentence”? 

7. Discuss, at some length, how you expect to secure 
obedience and respect from the prisoners under your 
control. 

8. Suppose a person in your charge has a fit, what would 
you do until a physician arrived? Also how treat a 
prisoner who has fainted? 

ORAL. 

1. What has been your experience that will help you to 
discipline? 

2. Would you enforce a rule which you believe to be 
unwise, unjust, and unfair? 

3. What do you understand by the term “loyalty”? How 
could you manifest it? 

4. If an inmate asked you a question for immediate de¬ 
cision, and you were in doubt as to the answer, what 
would you reply? Why? 

5. How would you put a man on his honor? 

6. Would you accept a gift from a prisoner? Give rea¬ 
sons. 


49 


Physical Test. 

Height. Weight. 

Chest measurement, contracted., expanded. 

Use squatting exercise; applicant is considered good if 
he can do it satisfactorily 15 times. 

Also use dipping exercise between chairs. Ten times 
is considered good. 

Use grip Dynamometer for testing the muscles of the 

hand and forearm. Right hand. Left hand. 

130 is good for right hand, and 120 for left hand. 


If time and opportunity afford, chinning of horizontal 

bar may be used. 

Also raising body from parallel bars. 

And running high jump. 

Hopping about room on right foot.Left foot. 

If available, a lung-testing machine may be used. 


A running track may also be used to advantage. 


(Action, Physical, General Intelligence, and Mental 
Attitude on separate sheet). 

FARM SUPERINTENDENT, OHIO BOARD OF 
ADMINISTRATION. 

Date : March 2, 1916, 9 :00 A. M. 

PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. 

1. (a) Name at least five three-year and four-year crop 
rotations adaptable to Ohio farms. 

(b) Name a few varieties each of corn, wheat, oats, 
and soy beans suitable to Ohio conditions. 

2. Select a balanced ration for dairy cow from the fol¬ 
lowing feeds; 

Ground corn, ground oats, hominy, gluten, dried 
distiller’s grain, cottonseed meal, and linseed meal. 

(b) Give the number of pounds you would use of 
each in making 1,000 lbs. of feed. 

(c) How much of this ration would you feed a cow 
giving 50 pounds of milk a day? Also how much ensil¬ 
age and alfalfa hay? 

3. What, in your opinion, is the relative importance of 
the general farm crops as compared with truck and 
garden crops, in the maintenance of public institutions? 
(b) State briefly some of the chief differences in the 
cultivation and management of farm and garden crops. 

4. How would you proceed to build up a depleted soil and 
produce garden crops on it at the same time? 

5. (a) How would you handle barnyard manure to pre¬ 
vent loss either by leaching or firing? 

(b) When and how would you apply manure to garden 
lands? 
















50 


6. (a) Give your ideas as to the use of tractor plows. 

(b) Of how much value do you consider the disc 
harrow? 

(c) Name several uses to which it can be put. 

7. How would you plant and cultivate the potato as a field 
crop? How would you control the more common dis¬ 
eases and insect enemies of the potato? 

8. Name five varieties of clover, and state briefly under 
what conditions each may be grown to best advantage. 

ORAL (PRACTICAL). 

1. In what have you been engaged during the last five 
years? 

2. What have you done in the way of handling men and 
teams? 

3. How should the methods of farming to be practiced on 
hill lands differ from those employed on level lands? 

4. How would you determine the best varieties of corn, 
clovers, and other crops, for the different sections of 
the state? 

5. What sections of the state are adapted to the growing 
of corn? Alfalfa? Fruit? 

6. What would be the relative values of the following, 
on institutional farms: Field crops, truck and garden 
crops, orcharding, livestock? 

7. Name the principal kinds of silos. To what animals 
can ensilage be fed to the best advantage? 

8. Tell briefly how you would handle a herd of 500 hogs 
to keep them free from cholera. 

9. What kind and size of work teams do you prefer for 
farm use? What is the best time to breed farm mares? 
At what age would you break colts? 

10. What kind and amounts of feed per day would you 
allow a 1600 pound horse at hard work? How would 
you feed a work horse on idle days? 

11. How would you care for a work horse’s neck when 
first put at hard work in the spring? 

12. When and how often would you spray an apple orchard, 
and what materials would you use for each spraying? 

13. What experience, if any, have you had with green¬ 
houses? 







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